Rural Markets Retail Management free essay sample

Retail Management In recent years, rural markets of India have acquired significance, as the overall growth of the Indian economy has resulted into substantial increase in the purchasing power of the rural communities. On account of green revolution, the rural areas are consuming a large quantity of industrial and urban manufactured products. In this context, a special marketing strategy, namely, rural marketing has emerged. Rural India with its traditional perception has grown over the years, not only in terms of income, but also in terms of thinking.The rural markets are growing at above two times faster pace than urban markets; not surprisingly, rural India accounts for 60% of the total national demand. Today, rural market occupies a larger part of our economy and it is expected to grow at least four times the existing size. Another contributing factor for rural push was growing saturation in urban markets. To be precise, rural marketing in Indian economy covers two broad sections: 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Rural Markets Retail Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Selling of agricultural products in the urban areas 2.Selling of manufactured products in the rural regions In present situation, our huge population is helping marketers to think new marketing strategies. 630 Billion rural populations are greater than total consuming markets of many countries like Canada, South Korea, etc. Tapping the rural market is one of the most important marketing strategies followed by various MNCs and Indian companies now-a-days. A number of companies in FMCG, consumer durables as well as telecom sector have adapted strategies to expand their base in rural market. Among those who have already taken remarkable initiative in rural market are HLL, Colgate, LG Electronics, Philips, BSNL, LIC, CavinKare, Britannia and Hero Honda. Rural Marketing in simple word is planning and implementation of marketing function for rural areas. Rural marketing has been defined as the process of developing, pricing, promoting, distributing rural specific products and services leading to exchange between urban and rural markets which satisfies consumer demands and also achieves organizational objective.

Word Choice Dessert vs. Desert - Proofread My Paper

Word Choice Dessert vs. Desert - Proofread My Paper Word Choice: Dessert vs. Desert We’ve all been there. You’re in a restaurant with friends. You finish your main course and order a â€Å"desert.† Moments later, the waiter returns and buries your table beneath a truckload of sand, ruining the evening for everyone. Mmmm sand. [Photo: Simon A. Eugster]OK, this probably hasn’t happened in real life. But that’s because â€Å"desert† and â€Å"dessert† are pronounced differently enough that you wouldn’t normally mix them up. Written down it’s different, and we see these terms confused on a regular basis. Sometimes this is a just a typo (so remember to proofread!) but it can also be an issue with spelling, so make sure you know the difference between these words. Dessert (Sweet and Delicious) This is the easy one, since â€Å"dessert† only has one meaning. Specifically, it’s used to describe sweet food eaten after the main part of a meal: For dessert, I ate my own body weight in ice cream. As such, you should only use â€Å"dessert† in reference to food. Getting hungrier now You sometimes see people write â€Å"just desserts,† but this is actually a mistake; the correct term is â€Å"just deserts,† meaning â€Å"that which is deserved.† By comparison, â€Å"just desserts† would mean something like â€Å"only puddings,† which is only useful if you run a diner for people with a sugar addiction. Desert (Dry and Sandy) The most common use of â€Å"desert† is to identify a place with little to no rainfall, typically somewhere hot and sandy: The Mojave is the hottest desert in the United States. It really is very, very hot there. [Photo: Theschmallfella]We also use this sense of â€Å"desert† as an adjective, such as when describing something associated with the desert: From his campaign in North Africa during WWII, Rommel became known as the â€Å"Desert Fox.† Meanwhile, the verb â€Å"desert† is pronounced a little differently despite having the same spelling. This sense of â€Å"desert† means â€Å"to abandon†: The prisoner got away after the guard deserted his post. Dessert or Desert? It’s easy to avoid mistakes with â€Å"dessert† and â€Å"desert† as long as you remember that â€Å"dessert† only has one meaning (it becomes even easier if you imagine the double-â€Å"s† in â€Å"dessert† stands for â€Å"something sweet†). Once you’ve ruled that out, whether you’re using â€Å"desert† as a noun or a verb, the spelling is the same. Just keep in mind that: Dessert (noun) = The final course in a meal (â€Å"something sweet†) Desert (noun) = A dry, sandy area of land Desert (verb) = To leave or abandon

Overview of the Sans-culottes

Overview of the Sans-culottes The Sans-culottes were urban workers, artisans, minor landholders, and associated Parisians who took part in mass public displays during the French Revolution. They were frequently more radical than the deputies who formed the National Assembly, and their often violent demonstrations and attacks threatened and cajoled revolutionary leaders down new paths at key moments. They were named after an article of clothing ​and the fact that they didn’t wear it. Origins of the Sans-culottes In 1789, a financial crisis caused the king to call a gathering of the ‘three estates’ which led to a revolution, the declaration of a new government, and a sweeping away of the old order. But the French Revolution wasn’t simply the rich and the noble versus a unified body of middle and lower class citizens. The revolution was driven by factions across all levels and classes. One group who formed and played a massive role in the revolution, at times directing it, were the Sans-culottes. These were lower-middle-class people, craftsmen and apprentices, shopkeepers, clerks, and associated workers, who were often led by the true middle class. They were the strongest and most important group in Paris, but they appeared in provincial cities too. The French Revolution saw a remarkable amount of political education and street agitation, and this group was aware, active and willing to commit violence. In short, they were a powerful and often overwhelming street army. Meaning of the Term Sans-culottes So why ‘Sans-culottes?’ The name literally means ‘without culottes’, a culotte being a form of knee-high clothing that only the wealthier members of French society wore. By identifying themselves as ‘without culottes’ they were stressing their differences from the upper classes of French society. Together with the Bonnet Rouge and the triple colored cockade, the power of the Sans-culottes was such that this became a quasi-uniform of revolution. Wearing culottes could get you into trouble if you ran into the wrong people during the revolution; as a result, even upper-class French people sported the sans-culottes clothing to avoid potential confrontations. What Role Did the Sans-culottes Play in the French Revolution? Over the early years the Sans-culottes program, loose as it was, demanded price fixing, jobs, and crucially provided support for the implementation of the Terror (the revolutionary tribunal that condemned thousands of aristocrats to death). While the Sans-culottes agenda was originally focused on justice and equality, they quickly became pawns in the hands of experienced politicians. In the long run, the Sans-culottes became a force for violence and terror;Â  the people at the top were only ever loosely in charge. End of the Sans-culottes Robespierre, one of the leaders of the revolution, attempted to guide and control the Parisian Sans-culottes. Leaders, however, found that it was impossible to unify and direct the Parisian masses. In the long run, Robespierre being arrested and guillotined, and the Terror stopped. What they had instituted began to destroy them, and from them on the National Guard were able to defeat the Sans-culottes in contests of will and force. By the end of 1795 the Sans-culottes were broken and gone, and it is perhaps no accident France was able to bring in a form of government which managed change with far less brutality.

Patented technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Patented technology - Essay Example The more "tolerant" patent approach in the U.S. defines non-obvious as sufficient to involve an inventive step. The European Patent Office has a more exacting interpretation of this term. A European patent application entails an inventive step by providing a solution to a technical problem in a non-obvious way.1 This difference may serve, in fact, to help avoid confusion and promote productivity in Europe, as well as discourage the sort of infamous patent infringement confrontations recently seen in the American software industry. Patentability requires an invention to be "novel" -original and new. Article 54 (1) of the European Patent Convention defines "novel" as being separate from the "state of the art," (existing and publicly available.) "Non-obvious" in U.S. law, or "inventive step" in European law, under the terms of the EPC, both designate the requirement that an invention be "novel," or genuinely original enough to justify the patent. Novelty is therefore prerequisite for inventive step. An invention may be regarded as having an inventive step only if it is not obvious to a person skilled in the art. Novelty and inventive step are, consequently, different criteria. This definition of inventive step has been a subject recently in question by the U.K. patent office, as it has often been found to give rise to patents lacking in significance. By the same count, however, greater facility in obtaining patents contributes to positive qualities of "innovation and competitiveness."2 "Useful" in U.S. law or "Industrially applicable" in European law designates that an invention must serve a function, or fulfil an application and is equally part of this basic framework of patentability criteria. The European definition is again more exact in practical terms, referring specifically to industry as the objective of the application. III. Patent Law -Actions and Reactions: The Patents Act of 1977 was passed to implement the PTT, (Patent Co-operation Treaty), EPC and CPC (Community Patent Convention), closely following these definitions of the EPC and was the first effort at standardization in contrast to previous provisions of the Statute of Monopolies of 1623, which up until 1949, merely affirm that a patent may be granted exclusively for a new method of manufacture.3 A concept further examined by Lord Hoffmann in Biogen Inc v Medeva plc [1997] RPC 1 (page 34), is that the definition of an inventive step may be dependant on the nature of the invention. An original invention is the result of adding a new concept to an existing reserve

Cultural anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cultural anthropology - Essay Example They say it looks like a small grasshopper but is brown in color. It feeds on rice seedlings roots causing the seedlings to die so they also consider it as a pest and like other farm insects, they also eat it. I smiled because I thought that the farmer was just joking but I realized that he was serious when he continued talking. He said that they dig the mud using their feet to look for mole crickets and collect them in a container. He even added that it is best sautà ©ed with tomatoes. While hearing this, I visualized how it looked like and I cant imagine how they could eat that kind of thing. I dont know to react so I just nodded and acted like it was normal. After a while, the farmers arrived with the mole crickets they have collected. I wanted to ask why they have to eat these insects while there are a lot of normal foods to choose from but I was hesitant because it might offend them. Good thing, one farmer finally shared a story about it. He said that there was a time when one farmer has nothing to eat. Then, he thought of cooking the mole crickets he collected from his field and eating it. He liked the taste and shared the story to other farmers. From then on, they eat mole crickets occasionally, especially when they dont have anything to eat. The story-telling was interrupted when the sautà ©ed mole crickets was finally served. For me, it smelled like any other sautà ©ed food. The farmers started eating once the plate was put in the table. One farmer demonstrated how it should be eaten. He removed the insects head and then put the remaining parts to his mouth. He said that the head is the hard part and is irritating to the throat. However, other farmers prefer to just eat it the way it is. When I saw all of them eating the cricket, it felt normal to me and thought that maybe I could eat it too so I tried eating one when they offered me. Honestly, I liked it and I found myself eating it like I was used to eat

Organizational Risks & Mitigation Methods Essay Example for Free

Organizational Risks Mitigation Methods Essay As per our discussion last week I’ve prepared this memo that outlines the risks that CWTI faces and methods of mitigation for those risks. The goal of this exercise is to have a starting point for establishing a risk management process within CWTI. Below I’ve identified risks and provided suggested methods of mitigation for each. I’d like to point out that while most of these risks have more than one potential mitigation method, I chose to present the method I believe would be most successful for CWTI. 1.)Risk of fluctuation in foreign exchange rates –USD receivables Mitigate using control method ie. forward contracts, hedging etc. 2.)Risk of fluctuation in interest rates – USD loan Mitigate using control method ie. forward contracts, hedging etc. 3.)Risk of supply shortage/delay due to truck breakdowns Mitigate using diversification ie. Have alternative options of transportation readily available 4.)Risk of losing major customer Mitigate using diversification ie. Try to gain other customers in need of timber 5.)Risk of losing timber licenses Mitigate using control technique ie. Establish strong internal controls regarding the requirement to clear and replant and ensure to measure controls. 6.)Risk of non-compliance with national stock exchange requirements Mitigate using control technique ie. Establish strong internal controls regarding compliance requirements for stock exchange. 7.)Risk of inventory shrinkage due to theft, damage Mitigate using sharing/transferring technique ie. Purchase insurance for buildup of inventory 8.)Risk of supply delay if sawmill equipment goes down, staff turnover/lack of skilled staff Mitigate using diversification technique ie. Have alternative options of production in the event either of these occur 9.)Risk of delay/damage/lost shipment to overseas market Mitigate using sharing/transferring technique ie. Purchase additional insurance that would cover this 10.) Risk of timber market/supply – what if something happens to forest? Fire, bug infestation Mitigate using diversification ie. Find other supplies of timber 11.) Risk of reputation – environmental groups if CWTI doesn’t live up to the clearing/replanting requirement Mitigate using control ie. Establish strong internal controls to ensure all clearing/replanting requirements are being fulfilled. 12.) Risk of not meeting financial obligations due to delayed/infrequent receivables – CWTI operates year round but majority of payment only gets received around December January (based on 60/90 day terms) Mitigate using diversification ie. Find more new customers that require timber throughout the year to balance the cash flow. We can further discuss other mitigation methods should you please. I look forward to your feedback.

Torture Essay -- essays research papers

Ronald D. Cretlinsten contends that torturers acquire the ability to cope with the moral dilemmas of inflicting pain upon and murdering their fellow humans primarily through the processes of â€Å"routinization† and â€Å"dehumanization†, and also through the notion of â€Å"authorization† (191). With such as the case, an individual adept in the art of torture would necessarily have learned to be cruel, however, that argument neglects the very reality that many engaged in such activities are intrinsically perverse, and in fact willingly and happily do harm to others. The prevalence of torture throughout the world can be accounted for in part by the process of â€Å"routinization† in which a regime, in essence, desensitizes a given torturer to the atrocities that he is committing in its name. In such a process â€Å"what is being done to someone transforms into what is being done: information gathering† (191). The task of amassing information and confessions eclipses the reality in which the torturer lives; this is achieved through peer pressure from fellow torturers â€Å"to be a man†, by intense physical and emotional training, and through the employment of propaganda claiming that the torturer is fulfilling his duty and doing the right thing as his victims are immoral enemies of the state (192). In short, the torturer becomes disoriented and unable to decipher the actuality of his existence. This disorientation is caused by repetition, or â€Å"habituation†, in addition to the development of the â€Å"task-orie...